Ben Davis National Museum of Women in the Arts

American political activist (born 1944)

Angela Davis
Davis in 2014
Born	Angela Yvonne Davis (1944-01-26) January 26, 1944 (age 78) Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.
Occupation	Activist scholar
Party	Communist Party United states of america (1969–1991) Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism (since 1991)
Spouse(s)	Hilton Braithwaite ​ ​ (m. 1980; div. 1983)​ [1] [2]
Partner(southward)	Gina Paring
Awards	Lenin Peace Prize
Academic background
Teaching	Brandeis University (BA) Academy of California, San Diego (MA) Humboldt University (PhD)
Doctoral counselor	Herbert Marcuse
Academic work
Discipline	Ethnic studies philosophy women's studies
Institutions	San Francisco Country University Academy of California, Santa Cruz

Angela Yvonne Davis (built-in Jan 26, 1944) is an American political activist, philosopher, academic, scholar, and author. She is a professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz. A feminist and a Marxist, Davis was a longtime member of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and is a founding member of the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism (CCDS). She is the author of over ten books on grade, gender, race, and the Usa prison house system.

Born to an African-American family in Birmingham, Alabama, Davis studied French at Brandeis University and philosophy at the University of Frankfurt in West Federal republic of germany. Studying under the philosopher Herbert Marcuse, a prominent figure in the Frankfurt Schoolhouse, Davis became increasingly engaged in far-left politics. Returning to the United States, she studied at the Academy of California, San Diego, before moving to Due east Federal republic of germany, where she completed a doctorate at the Humboldt University of Berlin. After returning to the Us, she joined the Communist Party and became involved in numerous causes, including the 2nd-wave feminist movement and the campaign against the Vietnam War. In 1969, she was hired every bit an acting assistant professor of philosophy at the Academy of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). UCLA's governing Board of Regents soon fired her due to her Communist Party membership; after a courtroom ruled this illegal, the university fired her again, this time for her use of inflammatory language.

In 1970, guns belonging to Davis were used in an armed takeover of a courtroom in Marin County, California, in which four people were killed. Prosecuted for three capital felonies, including conspiracy to murder, she was held in jail for over a twelvemonth before existence acquitted of all charges in 1972. She visited Eastern Bloc countries in the 1970s and, during the 1980s, was twice the Communist Party'south candidate for vice president; at the fourth dimension, she also held the position of professor of ethnic studies at San Francisco State Academy. Much of her piece of work focused on the abolition of prisons and in 1997, she co-founded Disquisitional Resistance, an organization working to abolish the prison–industrial complex. In 1991, among the dissolution of the Soviet Wedlock, she was part of a faction in the Communist Party that bankrupt away to establish the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism. Also in 1991, she joined the feminist studies section at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where she became department director before retiring in 2008. Since then she has continued to write and remained agile in movements such as Occupy and the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions entrada.

Davis has received various awards, including the Soviet Union'due south Lenin Peace Prize. Accused of supporting political violence, she has sustained criticism from the highest levels of the US authorities. She has also been criticized for supporting the Soviet Wedlock and its satellites.^[three] Davis has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.^[four] In 2020, she was listed equally the 1971 "Woman of the Year" in Time magazine'southward "100 Women of the Year" edition, which selected iconic women over the 100 years since women'south suffrage in the United States of America from 1920.^[v] In 2020, she was included on Time 's list of the 100 most influential people in the world.^[six]

Early on life [edit]

Angela Davis was born on Jan 26, 1944,^[7] in Birmingham, Alabama. Her family lived in the "Dynamite Hill" neighborhood, which was marked in the 1950s by the bombings of houses in an effort to intimidate and drive out middle-class blackness people who had moved there. Davis occasionally spent time on her uncle'south farm and with friends in New York Metropolis.^[8] Her siblings include two brothers, Ben and Reginald, and a sister, Fania. Ben played defensive back for the Cleveland Browns and Detroit Lions in the late 1960s and early on 1970s.^[9]

Davis attended Carrie A. Tuggle School, a segregated black simple school, and later, Parker Annex, a middle-school branch of Parker High Schoolhouse in Birmingham. During this fourth dimension, Davis'southward mother, Sallye Bong Davis, was a national officer and leading organizer of the Southern Negro Youth Congress, an organization influenced past the Communist Political party aimed at building alliances amid African Americans in the South. Davis grew upwards surrounded by communist organizers and thinkers, who significantly influenced her intellectual evolution.^[10] Among them was the Southern Negro Youth Congress official Louis E. Burnham, whose daughter Margaret Burnham was Davis'south friend from childhood, likewise every bit her co-counsel during Davis'southward 1971 trial for murder and kidnapping.^[11]

Davis as a x-year-old Girl Scout in Birmingham, Alabama, the place from which, she says, "my political involvement stems"

Davis was involved in her church youth grouping equally a child, and attended Lord's day schoolhouse regularly. She attributes much of her political interest to her involvement with the Girl Scouts of the U.s.a. of America. She also participated in the Girl Scouts 1959 national roundup in Colorado. As a Girl Scout, she marched and picketed to protestation racial segregation in Birmingham.^[12]

Past her inferior twelvemonth of high schoolhouse, Davis had been accepted by an American Friends Service Commission (Quaker) program that placed black students from the Southward in integrated schools in the North. She chose Elisabeth Irwin High Schoolhouse in Greenwich Village. There she was recruited by a communist youth group, Advance.^[xiii]

Education [edit]

Brandeis University [edit]

Davis was awarded a scholarship to Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, where she was one of 3 black students in her class. She encountered the Frankfurt School philosopher Herbert Marcuse at a rally during the Cuban Missile Crisis and became his student. In a 2007 telly interview, Davis said, "Herbert Marcuse taught me that it was possible to exist an academic, an activist, a scholar, and a revolutionary."^[fourteen] She worked part-fourth dimension to earn plenty money to travel to French republic and Switzerland and attended the eighth Globe Festival of Youth and Students in Helsinki. She returned dwelling in 1963 to a Federal Agency of Investigation interview about her attendance at the communist-sponsored festival.^[15]

During her 2nd yr at Brandeis, Davis decided to major in French and continued her intensive study of philosopher and writer Jean-Paul Sartre. She was accepted by the Hamilton College Junior Twelvemonth in France Program. Classes were initially at Biarritz and later at the Sorbonne. In Paris, she and other students lived with a French family. She was in Biarritz when she learned of the 1963 Birmingham church bombing, committed past members of the Ku Klux Klan, in which four blackness girls were killed. She grieved deeply every bit she was personally acquainted with the victims.^[15]

While completing her degree in French, Davis realized that her primary expanse of interest was philosophy. She was particularly interested in Marcuse's ideas. On returning to Brandeis, she sat in on his course. She wrote in her autobiography that Marcuse was approachable and helpful. She began making plans to attend the University of Frankfurt for graduate work in philosophy. In 1965, she graduated magna cum laude, a member of Phi Beta Kappa.^[15]

University of Frankfurt [edit]

As a pupil at the Institute of Social Research at Goethe Academy in Frankfurt, Germany. Davis studied the work of philosophers Kant, Hegel, and Adorno.

In Germany, with a monthly stipend of $100, she lived first with a German family and later with a group of students in a loft in an quondam manufacturing plant. Later on visiting Eastward Berlin during the almanac May Day celebration, she felt that the East German authorities was dealing better with the residual effects of fascism than were the Westward Germans. Many of her roommates were active in the radical Socialist German Student Union (SDS), and Davis participated in some SDS actions. Events in the United States, including the formation of the Black Panther Party and the transformation of Student Nonviolent Analogous Committee (SNCC) to an all-black organization, drew her interest upon her return.^[15]

Postgraduate work [edit]

Marcuse had moved to a position at the University of California, San Diego, and Davis followed him in that location afterwards her ii years in Frankfurt.^[fifteen] Davis traveled to London to nourish a conference on "The Dialectics of Liberation". The black contingent at the conference included the Trinidadian-American Stokely Carmichael and the British Michael X. Although moved by Carmichael'due south rhetoric, Davis was reportedly disappointed by her colleagues' black nationalist sentiments and their rejection of communism as a "white human being's thing".^[16]

She joined the Che-Lumumba Club, an all-black branch of the Communist Party United states of america named for revolutionaries Che Guevara and Patrice Lumumba, of Cuba and Congo, respectively.^[17]

Davis earned a master's degree from the University of California, San Diego, in 1968.^[18] She earned a doctorate in philosophy at the Humboldt University in Eastward Berlin.^[xix]

Professor at University of California, Los Angeles, 1969–70 [edit]

Commencement in 1969, Davis was an acting assistant professor in the philosophy department at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Although both Princeton and Swarthmore had tried to recruit her, she opted for UCLA because of its urban location.^[20] At that fourth dimension she was known as a radical feminist and activist, a member of the Communist Party USA, and an affiliate of the Los Angeles chapter of the Blackness Panther Party.^{[21] [22]}

In 1969, the University of California initiated a policy against hiring Communists.^[23] At their September 19, 1969, meeting, the Board of Regents fired Davis from her $10,000-a-yr mail considering of her membership in the Communist Party,^[24] urged on by California Governor and futurity president Ronald Reagan.^[25] Guess Jerry Pacht ruled the Regents could not fire Davis solely considering of her affiliation with the Communist Political party, and she resumed her post.^{[24] [26]} The Regents fired Davis again on June 20, 1970, for the "inflammatory language" she had used in 4 different speeches. The report stated, "Nosotros deem particularly offensive such utterances as her argument that the regents 'killed, brutalized (and) murdered' the People'southward Park demonstrators, and her repeated characterizations of the police equally 'pigs'".^{[27] [28] [29]} The American Clan of Academy Professors censured the board for this action.^[26]

Arrest and trial [edit]

Davis was a supporter of the Soledad Brothers, three inmates who were accused and charged with the killing of a prison house guard at Soledad Prison.^[30]

On Baronial 7, 1970, heavily armed 17-year-sometime African-American loftier-school pupil Jonathan Jackson, whose brother was George Jackson, one of the three Soledad Brothers, gained command of a courtroom in Marin Canton, California. He armed the blackness defendants and took Gauge Harold Haley, the prosecutor, and 3 female person jurors every bit hostages.^{[31] [32]} As Jackson transported the hostages and 2 black defendants away from the courtroom, 1 of the defendants, James McClain, shot at the law. The police force returned fire. The judge and the three black men were killed in the melee; i of the jurors and the prosecutor were injured. Although the estimate was shot in the head with a nail from a shotgun, he also suffered a breast wound from a bullet that may have been fired from outside the van. Bear witness during the trial showed that either could have been fatal.^[33] Davis had purchased several of the firearms Jackson used in the assail,^[34] including the shotgun used to shoot Haley, which she bought at a San Francisco pawn store two days before the incident.^{[32] [35]} She was also constitute to have been corresponding with one of the inmates involved.^[36]

As California considers "all persons concerned in the commission of a crime, ... whether they directly commit the act constituting the law-breaking, or aid and advocate in its commission, ... are principals in any law-breaking and then committed", Davis was charged with "aggravated kidnapping and offset degree murder in the decease of Judge Harold Haley", and Marin County Superior Court Judge Peter Allen Smith issued a warrant for her abort. Hours after the estimate issued the warrant on August 14, 1970, a massive attempt to find and arrest Davis began. On August eighteen, four days after the warrant was issued, the FBI director J. Edgar Hoover listed Davis on the FBI's 10 Most Wanted Avoiding List; she was the third woman and the 309th person to be listed.^{[31] [37]}

Davis wanted by the FBI on a federal warrant issued August 15, 1970, for kidnapping and murder.

Soon afterwards, Davis became a fugitive and fled California. According to her autobiography, during this time she hid in friends' homes and moved at night. On October thirteen, 1970, FBI agents found her at a Howard Johnson Motor Lodge in New York Metropolis.^[38] President Richard Yard. Nixon congratulated the FBI on its "capture of the dangerous terrorist Angela Davis."^[39]

On Jan v, 1971, Davis appeared at Marin County Superior Court and alleged her innocence before the courtroom and nation: "I now declare publicly before the court, before the people of this country that I am innocent of all charges which have been leveled against me past the state of California." John Abt, general counsel of the Communist Party USA, was one of the starting time attorneys to represent Davis for her alleged interest in the shootings.^[11]

While being held in the Women's Detention Center, Davis was initially segregated from other prisoners, in lone confinement. With the assistance of her legal team, she obtained a federal court order to become out of the segregated expanse.^[40]

1971 poster by Rupert García urging freedom for political prisoners and depicting Angela Davis

Across the nation, thousands of people began organizing a movement to proceeds her release. In New York Urban center, black writers formed a committee called the Black People in Defence force of Angela Davis. By February 1971 more than than 200 local committees in the United States, and 67 in foreign countries, worked to complimentary Davis from jail. John Lennon and Yoko Ono contributed to this campaign with the song "Angela".^[41] In 1972, subsequently a 16-calendar month incarceration, the land allowed her release on bail from canton jail.^[31] On February 23, 1972, Rodger McAfee, a dairy farmer from Fresno, California, paid her $100,000 bail with the help of Steve Sparacino, a wealthy business owner. The United Presbyterian Church paid some of her legal defense force expenses.^{[31] [42]}

A defense motility for a change of venue was granted, and the trial was moved to Santa Clara County. On June four, 1972, later on 13 hours of deliberations,^[33] the all-white jury returned a verdict of not guilty.^[43] The fact that she owned the guns used in the crime was judged insufficient to establish her role in the plot. She was represented past Leo Branton Jr., who hired psychologists to help the defense determine who in the jury pool might favor their arguments, a technique that has since become more than common. He also hired experts to discredit the reliability of bystander accounts.^[44]

Other activities in the 1970s [edit]

Cuba [edit]

After her acquittal, Davis went on an international speaking tour in 1972 and the tour included Cuba, where she had previously been received by Fidel Castro in 1969 as a member of a Communist Party delegation.^[45] Robert F. Williams, Huey Newton, Stokely Carmichael had also visited Cuba, and Assata Shakur afterwards moved there after escaping from a Us prison. Her reception by Afro-Cubans at a mass rally was so enthusiastic that she was reportedly barely able to speak.^[46] Davis perceived Cuba equally a racism-free country, which led her to believe that "only under socialism could the fight confronting racism be successfully executed." When she returned to the Us, her socialist leanings increasingly influenced her understanding of race struggles.^[47] In 1974, she attended the Second Congress of the Federation of Cuban Women.^[45]

Soviet Union [edit]

In 1971, the CIA estimated that five per centum of Soviet propaganda efforts were directed towards the Angela Davis campaign.^[48] In Baronial 1972, Davis visited the USSR at the invitation of the Fundamental Committee, and received an honorary doctorate from Moscow Country Academy.^[49]

On May 1, 1979, she was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet Spousal relationship.^[50] She visited Moscow later that calendar month to have the prize, where she praised "the glorious proper name" of Lenin and the "cracking October Revolution".^[51]

East Frg [edit]

The East German government organized an extensive entrada on behalf of Davis.^[52] In September 1972, Davis visited East Germany, where she met the state'southward leader Erich Honecker, received an honorary degree from the University of Leipzig and the Star of People's Friendship from Walter Ulbricht. On September 11 in East Berlin she delivered a speech, "Non Only My Victory", praising the GDR and USSR and denouncing American racism, and visited the Berlin Wall, where she laid flowers at the memorial for Reinhold Huhn (an Eastward German guard who had been killed past a man who was trying to escape with his family across the edge in 1962). Davis said "Nosotros mourn the deaths of the edge guards who sacrificed their lives for the protection of their socialist homeland" and "When nosotros return to the Us, we shall undertake to tell our people the truth about the true function of this border."^{[53] [54] [55] [56]} In 1973, she returned to Due east Berlin leading the US delegation to the tenth World Festival of Youth and Students.^[57]

Jonestown and Peoples Temple [edit]

In the mid-1970s, Jim Jones, who developed the cult Peoples Temple, initiated friendships with progressive leaders in the San Francisco area including Dennis Banks of the American Indian Movement and Davis.^[58] On September 10, 1977, 14 months earlier the Temple'due south mass murder-suicide, Davis spoke via apprentice radio telephone "patch" to members of his Peoples Temple living in Jonestown in Guyana.^{[59] [60]} In her statement during the "Six Solar day Siege", she expressed support for the People's Temple anti-racism efforts and told members there was a conspiracy confronting them. She said, "When you are attacked, it is because of your progressive stand, and we feel that it is directly an attack against us as well."^[61]

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and political prisoners in socialist countries [edit]

In 1975, Russian dissident and Nobel laureate Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn argued in a speech before an AFL–CIO meeting in New York Urban center that Davis was derelict in having failed to support prisoners in diverse socialist countries around the world, given her potent opposition to the U.s.a. prison organization. He said a grouping of Czechoslovak prisoners had appealed to Davis for back up, which Solzhenitsyn said she had declined.^[62] In 1972, Jiří Pelikán had written an open letter asking her to back up Czechoslovak prisoners,^[63] which Davis had refused, believing that the Czechoslovak prisoners were undermining the Husák government and that Pelikán, in exile in Italy, was attacking his own country.^{[ citation needed ]} According to Solzhenitsyn, in response to concerns about Czechoslovak prisoners being "persecuted by the state", Davis had responded that "They deserve what they become. Permit them remain in prison."^[64] Alan Dershowitz, who also asked Davis to support a number of imprisoned refuseniks in the USSR, said that she declined, saying "They are all Zionist fascists and opponents of socialism."^[65]

Later on academic career [edit]

Davis was a lecturer at the Claremont Black Studies Heart at the Claremont Colleges in 1975. Attendance at the form she taught was limited to 26 students out of the more than 5,000 on campus, and she was forced to teach in surreptitious because alumni benefactors didn't want her to indoctrinate the full general student population with communist idea.^{[ citation needed ]} Higher trustees made arrangements to minimize her appearance on campus, limiting her seminars to Friday evenings and Saturdays, "when campus action is low".^{[ citation needed ]} Her classes moved from 1 classroom to another and the students were sworn to secrecy. Much of this secrecy continued throughout Davis's brief time teaching at the colleges.^[66] In 2020 information technology was announced that Davis would be the Ena H. Thompson Distinguished Lecturer for Pomona College's history section, welcoming her back after 45 years.^[67]

Davis taught a women's studies form at the San Francisco Fine art Institute in 1978, and was a professor of indigenous studies at the San Francisco State Academy from at least 1980 to 1984.^[68] She was a professor in the History of Consciousness and the Feminist Studies departments at the University of California, Santa Cruz and Rutgers University from 1991 to 2008.^[69] Since then, she has been a distinguished professor emerita.^[70]

Davis was a distinguished visiting professor at Syracuse University in leap 1992 and October 2010, and was the Randolph Visiting Distinguished Professor of philosophy at Vassar College in 1995.^{[71] [72]}

In 2014, Davis returned to UCLA as a regents' lecturer. She delivered a public lecture on May 8 in Royce Hall, where she had given her commencement lecture 45 years earlier.^[25]

In 2016, Davis was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters in Healing and Social Justice from the California Plant of Integral Studies in San Francisco during its 48th annual showtime anniversary.^[73]

Political activism and speeches [edit]

Davis accepted the Communist Political party U.s.a.'s nomination for vice president, as Gus Hall'due south running mate, in 1980 and in 1984. They received less than 0.02% of the vote in 1980.^[74] She left the political party in 1991, founding the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism. Her group broke from the Communist Party United states because of the latter's support of the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt after the fall of the Soviet Union and tearing downwardly of the Berlin Wall.^[75] Davis said that she and others who had "circulated a petition about the need for democratization of the structures of governance of the party" were not allowed to run for national office and thus "in a sense ... invited to leave".^[76] In 2014, she said she continues to have a relationship with the CPUSA but has not rejoined.^[77] In the 2020 presidential election, Davis supported the Autonomous nominee, Joe Biden.^[78]

Davis is a major figure in the prison house abolition motility.^[79] She has chosen the United States prison system the "prison–industrial complex"^[80] and was i of the founders of Disquisitional Resistance, a national grassroots organisation defended to building a move to abolish the prison arrangement.^[81] In contempo works, she has argued that the United states prison system resembles a new form of slavery, pointing to the disproportionate share of the African-American population who were incarcerated.^[82] Davis advocates focusing social efforts on education and edifice "engaged communities" to solve various social problems now handled through land punishment.^[21]

Equally early on as 1969, Davis began public speaking engagements.^{[ citation needed ]} She expressed her opposition to the Vietnam War, racism, sexism, and the prison–industrial complex, and her back up of gay rights and other social justice movements. In 1969, she blamed imperialism for the troubles oppressed populations suffer:

We are facing a common enemy and that enemy is Yankee Imperialism, which is killing us both here and abroad. Now I call up anyone who would try to dissever those struggles, anyone who would say that in order to consolidate an anti-war movement, nosotros have to leave all of these other outlying problems out of the picture, is playing correct into the hands of the enemy.^[83]

She has connected lecturing throughout her career, including at numerous universities.^{[84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90]}

In 2001, she publicly spoke against the war on terror following the ix/11 attacks, connected to criticize the prison–industrial complex, and discussed the broken immigration system.^[91] She said that to solve social justice bug, people must "strop their critical skills, develop them and implement them." Later, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, she alleged that the "horrendous situation in New Orleans" was due to the country's structural racism, capitalism, and imperialism.^[92]

Davis opposed the 1995 Meg Human being March, arguing that the exclusion of women from this event promoted male person chauvinism. She said that Louis Farrakhan and other organizers appeared to prefer that women accept subordinate roles in society. Together with Kimberlé Crenshaw and others, she formed the African American Agenda 2000, an brotherhood of black feminists.^[93]

Davis has connected to oppose the death penalty. In 2003, she lectured at Agnes Scott Higher, a liberal arts women's college in Atlanta, Georgia, on prison reform, minority problems, and the ills of the criminal justice organisation.^[94]

On October 31, 2011, Davis spoke at the Philadelphia and Washington Foursquare Occupy Wall Street assemblies. Due to restrictions on electronic distension, her words were human microphoned.^{[95] [96]} In 2012, Davis was awarded the 2011 Bluish Planet Award, an award given for contributions to humanity and the planet.^[97]

At the 27th Empowering Women of Color Briefing in 2012, Davis said she was a vegan.^[98] She has chosen for the release of Rasmea Odeh, associate manager at the Arab American Action Network, who was convicted of immigration fraud in relation to her hiding of a previous murder confidence.^{[99] [100] [101] [102] [103] [104]}

Davis supports the Cold-shoulder, Divestment and Sanctions campaign against Israel.^[105]

Davis was an honorary co-chair of the January 21, 2017, Women's March on Washington, which occurred the day subsequently President Donald Trump'southward inauguration. The organizers' decision to brand her a featured speaker was criticized from the right past Humberto Fontova^[106] and the National Review.^[107] Libertarian journalist Cathy Immature wrote that Davis'southward "long record of support for political violence in the United States and the worst of man rights abusers abroad" undermined the march.^[108]

On October 16, 2018, Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, presented Davis with an honorary degree during the countdown Viola Desmond Legacy Lecture, equally role of the institution's bicentennial commemoration twelvemonth.^[109]

On January seven, 2019, the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute (BCRI) rescinded Davis's Fred Shuttlesworth Man Rights Award, maxim she "does not see all of the criteria". Birmingham Mayor Randall Woodfin and others cited criticism of Davis's vocal support for Palestinian rights and the move to boycott Israel.^{[110] [111]} Davis said her loss of the accolade was "non primarily an attack against me but rather confronting the very spirit of the indivisibility of justice."^[112] On January 25, the BCRI reversed its decision and issued a public apology, stating that there should take been more public consultation.^{[113] [114]}

In November 2019, along with other public figures, Davis signed a alphabetic character supporting Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn describing him as "a buoy of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic globe", and endorsed him in the 2019 UK general election.^[115]

On January 20, 2020, Davis gave the Memorial Keynote Address at the Academy of Michigan'due south MLK Symposium.^[116]

Davis was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2021.^[117]

Personal life [edit]

From 1980 to 1983 Davis was married to Hilton Braithwaite.^{[1] [ii]} In 1997, she came out as a lesbian in an interview with Out magazine.^[118] By 2020, Davis was living openly with her partner, the academic Gina Paring,^[119] a fellow humanities scholar and intersectional feminist researcher at UC Santa Cruz.^[120] Together, they have advocated for the abolition of police and prisons,^[121] and for black liberation and Palestinian solidarity.^[122]

Representation in other media [edit]

• The first song released in support of Davis was "Angela" (1971), by Italian vocalizer-songwriter and musician Virgilio Savona with his group Quartetto Cetra. He received some anonymous threats.^[123]
• In 1972, German singer-songwriter and political activist Franz Josef Degenhardt published the song "Angela Davis", opener to his 6th studio album Mutter Mathilde.
• The Rolling Stones vocal "Sugariness Blackness Angel", recorded in 1970 and released on their album Exile on Main Street (1972), is defended to Davis. It is one of the band's few overtly political releases.^[124] Its lines include: "She'southward a sweetness black affections, not a gun-toting teacher, not a Blood-red-lovin' schoolmarm / Ain't someone gonna gratuitous her, free de sweetness black slave, free de sweet black slave".^{[125] [126]}
• John Lennon and Yoko Ono released their vocal "Angela" on the album Some Time in New York City (1972) in support of Davis, and a small photograph of her appears on the album's cover at the bottom left.^[127]
• The jazz musician Todd Cochran, also known as Bayete, recorded his song "Free Angela (Thoughts...and all I've got to say)" in 1972.^[128]
• Tribe Records co-founder Phil Ranelin released a song dedicated to Davis, "Angela'southward Dilemma", on Bulletin From the Tribe (1972), a spiritual jazz collectible.^[129]

References in other venues [edit]

On January 28, 1972, Garrett Brock Trapnell hijacked TWA Flying two. One of his demands was Davis'southward release.^[130]

In Renato Guttuso's painting The Funerals of Togliatti (1972),^[131] Davis is depicted, among other figures of communism, in the left framework, nigh the author's cocky-portrait, Elio Vittorini, and Jean-Paul Sartre.^[132]

In 1971, black playwright Elvie Moore wrote the play Angela is Happening, depicting Davis on trial with figures such every bit Frederick Douglass, Malcolm Ten, and H. Rap Brown as eyewitnesses proclaiming her innocence.^[133] The play was performed at the Inner City Cultural Middle and at UCLA, with Pat Ballard as Davis.

The documentary Angela Davis: Portrait of a Revolutionary (1972) was directed past UCLA Pic Schoolhouse student Yolande du Luart.^{[133] [134]} It follows Davis from 1969 to 1970, documenting her dismissal from UCLA. The film wrapped shooting before the Marin Canton incident.^[134]

In the picture show Network (1976), Marlene Warfield's character Laureen Hobbs appears to exist modeled on Davis.^[135]

Besides in 2018, a cotton T-shirt with Davis'southward face on information technology was featured in Prada's 2018 collection.^[136]

A landscape featuring Davis was painted by Italian street creative person Jorit Agoch in the Scampia neighborhood of Naples in 2019.

Biopic [edit]

In 2019, Julie Dash, who is credited every bit the offset blackness female person director to have a theatrical release of a picture (Daughters of the Dust) in the Us, announced that she would be directing a film based on Davis'south life.^[137]

Bibliography [edit]

Books [edit]

• If They Come in the Morning: Voices of Resistance (New York: Tertiary Press, 1971), ISBN 0-893-88022-ane.
• Angela Davis: An Autobiography, Random Business firm (1974), ISBN 0-394-48978-0.
• Joan Niggling: The Dialectics of Rape (New York: Lang Communications, 1975)^[138]
• Women, Race and Class, Random Business firm (1981), ISBN 0-394-71351-vi.
• Women, Culture & Politics, Vintage (1990), ISBN 0-679-72487-7.
• The Angela Y. Davis Reader (ed. Joy James), Wiley-Blackwell (1998), ISBN 0-631-20361-three.
• Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday, Vintage Books (1999), ISBN 0-679-77126-3.
• Are Prisons Obsolete?, Seven Stories Press (2003), ISBN 1-58322-581-one.
• Abolition Democracy: Across Prisons, Torture, and Empire, 7 Stories Press (2005), ISBN i-58322-695-8.
• The Meaning of Freedom: And Other Difficult Dialogues (City Lights, 2012), ISBN 978-0872865808.
• Liberty Is a Abiding Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement, Haymarket Books (2015), ISBN 978-1-60846-564-4.
• Herbert Marcuse, Philosopher of Utopia: A Graphic Biography (foreword, Metropolis Lights, 2019), ISBN 9780872867857.

Interviews and appearances [edit]

• 1971
  • An Interview with Angela Davis. Cassette. Radio Free People, New York, 1971.
  • Myerson, M. "Angela Davis in Prison house". Ramparts, March 1971: xx–21.
  • Seigner, Fine art. Angela Davis: Soul and Soledad. Phonodisc. Flying Dutchman, New York, 1971.
  • Walker, Joe. Angela Davis Speaks. Phonodisc. Folkways Records, New York, 1971.^[139]
• 1972–1985
  • Black Periodical; 67; "Interview with Angela Davis", 1972-06-20, WNET. Angela Davis makes her first national tv advent in an exclusive interview with host Tony Brownish, following her recent acquittal of charges related to the San Rafael court shootout.^[140]
  • Jet, "Angela Davis Talks near her Future and her Freedom". , July 27, 1972: 54–57.
  • Davis, Angela Y. I Am a Black Revolutionary Woman (1971). Phonodisc. Folkways, New York, 1977.
  • Phillips, Esther. Angela Davis Interviews Esther Phillips. Cassette. Pacifica Record Library, Los Angeles, 1977.
  • Cudjoe, Selwyn. In Conversation with Angela Davis. Videocassette. ETV Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, 1985. 21-infinitesimal interview.
• 1992–1997
  • Davis, Angela Y. "Women on the Move: Travel Themes in Ma Rainey's Blues" in Borders/diasporas. Sound Recording. University of California, Santa Cruz: Center for Cultural Studies, Santa Cruz, 1992.
  • Davis, Angela Y. Black Is... Black Own't. Documentary picture. Independent Television Service (ITVS), 1994.
  • Interview Angela Davis (Public Dissemination Service, Leap 1997)^[141]
• 2000–2002
  • Davis, Angela Y. The Prison Industrial Complex and its Impact on Communities of Color. Videocassette. Academy of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 2000.
  • Barsamian, D. "Angela Davis: African American Activist on Prison-Industrial Complex". Progressive 65.two (2001): 33–38.
  • "September eleven America: an Interview with Angela Davis". Policing the National Torso: Sex, Race, and Criminalization. Cambridge, Ma.: Due south End Press, 2002.
• 2011–2016
  • The Black Ability Mixtape 1967–1975, documentary film prominently featuring Davis in a number of rarely seen Swedish interviews, released 2011.^[142]
  • "Feminism and Abolition: Theories and Practices for the 21st Century" University of Chicago, 2013
  • "Activist Professor Angela Davis" episode of Woman's Hour, BBC Radio 4, December three, 2014.^[143]
  • Criminal Queers, a fictional DIY film examining the relationship between the LGBT community and the criminal justice system, released 2015.^{[144] [145]}
  • 13th, documentary file nearly the 13th Subpoena and history of the ceremonious rights motion, released 2016.

Archives [edit]

• The National United Committee to Gratis Angela Davis collection is at the Main Library at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California (A drove of thousands of letters received by the committee and Davis from people in the U.s.a. and other countries.) ^[146]
• The consummate transcript of her trial, including all appeals and legal memoranda, has been preserved in the Meiklejohn Ceremonious Liberties Library in Berkeley, California.^{[147] [148]}
• Davis's papers are archived at the Schlesinger Library at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Report in Cambridge, Massachusetts.^[149]
• Records including correspondence, statements, clippings and other documents near Davis's dismissal from the Academy of California, Los Angeles due to her political amalgamation with the Communist Party are archived at UCLA.^[133]

See also [edit]

• Africana philosophy
• Marxist feminism

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} "Angela Davis, Sweetheart of the Far Left, Finds Her Mr. Right". People. July 21, 1980. Retrieved Oct 20, 2011.
2. ^ ^{a b} "Angela Davis At present". Los Angeles Times. March viii, 1989. Retrieved Jan 6, 2015.
3. ^ "The Real Stain on Angela Davis' Legacy Is Her Back up for Tyranny". The Bulwark. January 23, 2019.
4. ^ "Davis, Angela". National Women'southward Hall of Fame.
5. ^ Kendi, Ibram 10. "100 Women of the Year". Fourth dimension . Retrieved June ii, 2020.
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8. ^ Davis, Angela Yvonne (March 1989). "Rocks". Angela Davis: An Autobiography. New York Urban center: International Publishers. ISBN0-7178-0667-7.
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10. ^ Kum-Kum Bhavnani, Bhavnani; Davis, Angela (Spring 1989). "Complexity, Activism, Optimism: An Interview with Angela Y. Davis". Feminist Review (31): 66–81. doi:10.2307/1395091. JSTOR 1395091.
11. ^ ^{a b} Abt, John; Myerson, Michael (1993). Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Printing. p. 273. ISBN978-0-252-02030-8.
12. ^ "The Radicalization of Angela Davis," Ebony, July 1971: n.p., Mag.
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73. ^ Ford, Olivia (May 13, 2016). "2016 Honorary Doctorate: Angela Y. Davis at Ane with Communities of Struggle". CIIS News and Events. California Found of Integral Studies.
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Further reading [edit]

Popular media

• "Interview with Angela Davis". Frontline. PBS.
• Davis, Angela (Guest). "Resisting the Prison Industrial Complex". Democracy Now. Round table discussion.
• "Attacking the Prison house Industrial Circuitous". Time. 1998. Archived from the original on Baronial 17, 2000. Chat-room users' interview with Davis.
• "Angela Davis". Harvard Gazette. March xiii, 2003. Archived from the original on Dec 23, 2005. Retrieved December xiii, 2005.
• "Practical Activism Briefing in Santa Cruz". indybay.org. October 27, 2007. . Audio recording of Davis.
• Younge, Gary (November eight, 2007). "We used to think there was a black community". Guardian. Interview.
• "Angela Davis on the 40th Anniversary of Her Abort and President Obama's First Two Years". Democracy Now!. October xix, 2010. Video interview.
• "Interview with Angela Davis". C-Span. In Depth. October 3, 2004.
• Roberts, Steven V., "Angela Davis: The Making Of a Radical", New York Times, August 23, 1970.

Books

• Davis, Mike; Wiener, Jon (2020). Set the Night on Burn: 50.A. in the Sixties. New York: Verso Books.

Main Sources

• Donald Kalish papers, Box 4 and Box seven. UCLA Library Special Collections.

External links [edit]

• Angela Davis at AllMovie
• "Davis quotations". Blackness History Daily.
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Angela Davis at IMDb
• "Angela Davis Biography, The Civil Rights Struggle, African American GIs, and Germany". aacvr-germany.org. Archived from the original on May 3, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
• "Angela Davis". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on March xiii, 2014. Retrieved March 4, 2009.
• "Angela Davis Ephemera Collection, Westward.S. Hoole Special Collections Library". University Libraries Division of Special Collections, The Academy of Alabama.
• "Film clip, Davis speaking at Florida A&M University's Blackness History Calendar month convocation". Florida Memory. 1979.
• The New York Times archive of Davis-related articles, nytimes.com;
• Angela Y. Davis Papers, 1937–2017 MC 940. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Establish, Harvard Academy, Cambridge, Mass.
• Angela Y. Davis Collection of the Schlesinger Library A/D260. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard Academy, Cambridge, Mass.

Party political offices
Preceded past Jarvis Tyner	Communist Political party USA Vice Presidential candidate 1980 (lost), 1984 (lost)	Succeeded by —

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis

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